I remember reading a Titleist article that basically said a golf ball stored in room temp will stay close to that for the time it takes to play a round of golf.  I certainly agree the core will remain reasonably warm, the outer layers may cool quicker depending on the temp you are going to play in.  I have found that for the most part, if it is warm enough to play golf, the feel of the ball won't change all that much.   A bigger concern might be the hardness of the ground.  The harder the ground, the more the ball will travel after it hits the ground.

Play Well,

Steve S.

i agree with SD_Golfer if its warmer outside and the ground is alot more firm which will cause the ball to travel further. When its colder outside in my opinion the ball dosent travel as far as it does when its warmer.

Golf balls are designed to work best at temperatures around 70°F.  If they get a lot colder than that, the feel will become harder, there will be a moderate loss of distance, and the greenside responsiveness will decline.  Much hotter than that, and durability may suffer, there may be excessive spin, and any distance gain will be minimal or nonexistent. 

There are really two aspects to the question of temperature: the temperature of the ball itself, and the temperature of the air it's flying through. When the ball gets cold, the materials lose some resilience ("bounciness") so they come off the clubface slower and thus lose some distance. The materials also firm up, which makes the ball feel harder on impact. Since most golf balls these days use similar materials inside, these effects will also tend to be similar. Of course, these factors can be easily minimized or eliminated by not letting the ball get cold. We always recommend that golf balls be stored indoors at room temperature between rounds, and that's especially important during cold or hot times. If it's really cold outside, it's not a bad idea to alternate two balls hole-by-hole, keeping the idle one in a warm pocket.

The air temperature affects ball flight because colder air is denser ("heavier") and thus caused greater aerodynamic drag. There is nothing you can do about this one, and it will affect different types of balls in essentially the same way. It's not a huge effect but it can be significant. The distance loss between a 70° day and a 40° day, for example, will be somewhere in the ballpark of 2%.

Hope this helps

I am normally a pro v1 player, but when it gets cold outside I usually play the dt solo... because leaves. Nothing I hate more than hitting a drive that trickles into the rough and you can't find because of all the leaves on the ground.